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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Symmetrische Komponenten</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>In der <a href="Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik">Elektrotechnik</a> wird die Methode der <b>Symmetrischen Komponenten</b> verwendet, um eine vereinfachte <a href="Analyse" title="Analyse">Analyse</a> durch symmetrische Teilsysteme bei asymmetrischen Mehrphasensystemen, üblicherweise <a href="Dreiphasenwechselstrom" title="Dreiphasenwechselstrom">Dreiphasensystemen</a>, durchführen zu können. Dabei wird ein unsymmetrisch gespeistes System symmetrischer Belastung von <a href="Phasor" title="Phasor">Phasoren</a> in mehrere überlagerte Teilsysteme aufgeteilt. Bei den üblichen Dreiphasensystemen erfolgt die Aufteilung in ein symmetrisches <i>Mitsystem</i>, dessen Zeiger sich mit dem <a href="Drehfeld" title="Drehfeld">Drehfeld</a> bewegen, ein <i>Gegensystem</i> mit gegenläufigem Drehfeld und in ein <i>Nullsystem</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-marx1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marx1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Methode der symmetrischen Komponenten stellt einen in Praxis bedeutenden Spezialfall der allgemeinen Modaltransformation (<a href="Modalanalyse" title="Modalanalyse">Modalanalyse</a>) und der Methode der modalen Komponenten dar und findet Anwendung unter anderem bei der Analyse von <a href="Fehlerarten_in_Drehstromsystemen" title="Fehlerarten in Drehstromsystemen">unsymmetrischen Fehlern in Drehstromsystemen</a> und bei der Untersuchung von <a href="Elektrische_Maschine" title="Elektrische Maschine">elektrischen Maschinen</a>, insbesondere Mehrphasenmaschinen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historische_Entwicklung">Historische Entwicklung</h2></div>
<p><a href="Charles_Legeyt_Fortescue" title="Charles Legeyt Fortescue">Charles Legeyt Fortescue</a> zeigte in der 1918 präsentierten Arbeit <i>Method of Symmetrical Co-Ordinates Applied to the Solution of Polyphase Networks</i>, dass jedes unsymmetrisch belastete Drehstromsystem als Summe von drei symmetrischen Phasoren-Sets dargestellt werden kann.<sup id="cite_ref-fort1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fort1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese Analyse wurde in Folge von Ingenieuren bei <a href="General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> und <a href="Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation">Westinghouse</a> aufgegriffen und verbessert. Nach dem <a href="Zweiter_Weltkrieg" title="Zweiter Weltkrieg">Zweiten Weltkrieg</a> wurde die Methode der symmetrischen Komponenten zu einem allgemeinen Verfahren zur Analyse asymmetrischer Fehler ausgebaut.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methode">Methode</h2></div>
<p>Jedes unsymmetrische Phasorenset, das sich nicht zu null addiert, kann in ein unsymmetrisches Set, das sich zu null addiert und ein System gleicher Phasoren eindeutig aufgetrennt werden. Weiterhin kann jedes unsymmetrische, jedoch zu null addierende Set von Phasoren in zwei symmetrische Sets gegenläufiger Umlaufrichtung der Drehfelder unterteilt werden. Somit ist immer eine eindeutige Aufteilung jedes beliebigen unsymmetrischen Phasorensets möglich. Das Verfahren ermöglicht beispielsweise bei einem symmetrisch gebauten <a href="Asynchronmotor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asynchronmotor">Asynchronmotor</a>, welcher asymmetrisch gespeist wird, in eine Überlagerung von zwei im Drehsinn gegenläufigen aber symmetrisch gespeisten Asynchronmotoren zu zerlegen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beispiel_Zweiphasensystem">Beispiel Zweiphasensystem</h3></div>
<p>Im einfachsten Fall liegt ein <a href="Zweiphasenwechselstrom" title="Zweiphasenwechselstrom">Zweiphasensystem</a>, dargestellt aus zwei Phasoren <i>A</i> und <i>B</i> vor, wie in nebenstehender Skizze dargestellt. Dies lässt sich in zwei Teilsysteme zerlegen: das <i>Mitsystem</i> (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic">positive sequence component</span>) in rot, es wird von den beiden Phasoren <i>A</i><sub>m</sub> und <i>B</i><sub>m</sub> gebildet, sein Drehfeld besitzt die gleiche Umlaufrichtung wie das ursprüngliche System. Das <i>Gegensystem</i> (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic">negative sequence component</span>) ist in grün mit den beiden Phasoren <i>A</i><sub>g</sub> und <i>B</i><sub>g</sub> dargestellt, sein Drehfeld hat eine gegenläufige Richtung wie das ursprüngliche System. Die Phasoren in jedem Teilsystem weisen den gleichen Betrag auf und stehen im Zweiphasensystem normal aufeinander:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A_{m}={\frac {A-\mathrm {j} B}{2}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>B</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A_{m}={\frac {A-\mathrm {j} B}{2}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a3d839e9e005cbe6bf00f6cf2fd9d488fdaa7f34.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:14.412ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A_{m}={\frac {A-\mathrm {j} B}{2}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A_{g}={\frac {A+\mathrm {j} B}{2}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>B</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A_{g}={\frac {A+\mathrm {j} B}{2}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/094b1eedfcdddfa6b183815706776fa3e1dd58c1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.758ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A_{g}={\frac {A+\mathrm {j} B}{2}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{m}=\mathrm {j} A_{m}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{m}=\mathrm {j} A_{m}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/45258f47f6d81f84db2c3da784ce963b97474f3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.668ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{m}=\mathrm {j} A_{m}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{g}=-\mathrm {j} A_{g}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{g}=-\mathrm {j} A_{g}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4db8fae7d24672cfd301d43349b182bff828219b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.168ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{g}=-\mathrm {j} A_{g}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit j als die <a href="Imagin%C3%A4re_Einheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Imaginäre Einheit">imaginäre Einheit</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berechnung_im_Dreiphasensystem">Berechnung im Dreiphasensystem</h3></div>
<p>Mit Hilfe der Koeffizientenmatrix <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> können die Phasoren im Dreiphasensystem der symmetrischen Komponenten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{m}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{m}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1dd976829549c5ab6174ba331ce2ad6fbbb65056.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.613ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.725ex; width:2.938ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{m}}" loading="lazy"></span> (Mitsystem), <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{g}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{g}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c42c25bf863ba2d9d7df27d239d4bd0a930807ce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.931ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.407ex; width:2.284ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{g}}" loading="lazy"></span> (Gegensystem), <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/206daf03170ced7efa68e85fc8e31f40aa357949.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.631ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.707ex; width:2.317ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> (Nullsystem) aus den Leiterströmen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{L1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{L1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7c184eae0e20071eab92eee96db2e7e57c5f8aec.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.598ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.74ex; width:3.436ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{L1}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{L2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{L2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb30a8777a6143439d10ac003dfd65cb53a2a0a8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.598ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.74ex; width:3.436ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{L2}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{L3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{L3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/58923897046e0236e967f25604c023ec54a00812.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.631ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.707ex; width:3.436ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{L3}}" loading="lazy"></span> des Drehstromsystems berechnet werden. Im Nullsystem (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic">zero sequence component</span>) haben die Phasoren gleiche Richtung und gleiche Länge. Das Nullsystem tritt im asymmetrischen Dreiphasensystem auf und gleicht die „Nicht-Addition“ des ursprünglichen Systems zu null aus.
</p><p>Die elektrischen Ströme als physikalische Größe sind in den folgenden Gleichungen beispielhaft gewählt, die Methode der symmetrischen Komponenten lässt sich auf alle Größen wie elektrischen Spannungen oder magnetische Flüsse analog anwenden.
</p><p>Der komplexe Zeiger <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1445f492dd189617565276b0d8eab56e463244e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.534ex; margin-bottom: -0.804ex; width:1.232ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist ein Drehoperator zur Verknüpfung der Außenleiterströme. Die Multiplikation mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1445f492dd189617565276b0d8eab56e463244e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.534ex; margin-bottom: -0.804ex; width:1.232ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}}" loading="lazy"></span> bedeutet eine Drehung um 120<sup>o</sup> gegen den Uhrzeigersinn:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}=e^{j120^{o}}=e^{j{\frac {2\pi }{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}+j{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<msup>
<mn>120</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>o</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}=e^{j120^{o}}=e^{j{\frac {2\pi }{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}+j{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/98806956b49219d97cf615b87cc79b852df8e007.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:31.599ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}=e^{j120^{o}}=e^{j{\frac {2\pi }{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}+j{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}^{2}=e^{j240^{o}}=e^{j{\frac {4\pi }{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}-j{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<msup>
<mn>240</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>o</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}^{2}=e^{j240^{o}}=e^{j{\frac {4\pi }{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}-j{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8a6dbf14850ea3f6d079728639506ac71995aac0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:32.653ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}^{2}=e^{j240^{o}}=e^{j{\frac {4\pi }{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}-j{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}^{3}={\underline {a}}^{0}=e^{j0^{o}}={1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<msup>
<mn>0</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>o</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}^{3}={\underline {a}}^{0}=e^{j0^{o}}={1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/28d3dc3f287db018c2a9ba47d70418089b9fc2cd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.534ex; margin-bottom: -0.804ex; width:18.657ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}^{3}={\underline {a}}^{0}=e^{j0^{o}}={1}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Des Weiteren gibt es folgende Theoreme:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}^{4}={\underline {a}},\quad {1}+{\underline {a}}+{\underline {a}}^{2}={0},\quad {\underline {a}}^{2}={\underline {a}}^{-1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}^{4}={\underline {a}},\quad {1}+{\underline {a}}+{\underline {a}}^{2}={0},\quad {\underline {a}}^{2}={\underline {a}}^{-1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dc3c0984ed66e31c8fdfd8ba109093add03b41cb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.534ex; margin-bottom: -0.804ex; width:36.902ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {a}}^{4}={\underline {a}},\quad {1}+{\underline {a}}+{\underline {a}}^{2}={0},\quad {\underline {a}}^{2}={\underline {a}}^{-1}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Man erhält die Koeffizientenmatrix:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T={\begin{pmatrix}1&1&1\\{\underline {a}}^{2}&{\underline {a}}&1\\{\underline {a}}&{\underline {a}}^{2}&1\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}1&1&1\\\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {-2\pi }{3}}}&\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {2\pi }{3}}}&1\\\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {2\pi }{3}}}&\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {-2\pi }{3}}}&1\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T={\begin{pmatrix}1&1&1\\{\underline {a}}^{2}&{\underline {a}}&1\\{\underline {a}}&{\underline {a}}^{2}&1\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}1&1&1\\\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {-2\pi }{3}}}&\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {2\pi }{3}}}&1\\\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {2\pi }{3}}}&\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {-2\pi }{3}}}&1\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ae2df01d08999a3b77e4638080f8ceec68a77c94.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.338ex; width:43.806ex; height:11.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T={\begin{pmatrix}1&1&1\\{\underline {a}}^{2}&{\underline {a}}&1\\{\underline {a}}&{\underline {a}}^{2}&1\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}1&1&1\\\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {-2\pi }{3}}}&\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {2\pi }{3}}}&1\\\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {2\pi }{3}}}&\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {j} {\frac {-2\pi }{3}}}&1\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}{\underline {I}}_{1m}\\{\underline {I}}_{1g}\\{\underline {I}}_{10}\end{pmatrix}}=T^{-1}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}{\underline {I}}_{L1}\\{\underline {I}}_{L2}\\{\underline {I}}_{L3}\end{pmatrix}}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}1&{\underline {a}}&{\underline {a}}^{2}\\1&{\underline {a}}^{2}&{\underline {a}}\\1&1&1\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}{\underline {I}}_{L1}\\{\underline {I}}_{L2}\\{\underline {I}}_{L3}\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>10</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}{\underline {I}}_{1m}\\{\underline {I}}_{1g}\\{\underline {I}}_{10}\end{pmatrix}}=T^{-1}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}{\underline {I}}_{L1}\\{\underline {I}}_{L2}\\{\underline {I}}_{L3}\end{pmatrix}}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}1&{\underline {a}}&{\underline {a}}^{2}\\1&{\underline {a}}^{2}&{\underline {a}}\\1&1&1\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}{\underline {I}}_{L1}\\{\underline {I}}_{L2}\\{\underline {I}}_{L3}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af1c9bdc2b885a101a2318e3257ec90505bbc2c0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.223ex; margin-bottom: -0.782ex; width:57.298ex; height:10.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}{\underline {I}}_{1m}\\{\underline {I}}_{1g}\\{\underline {I}}_{10}\end{pmatrix}}=T^{-1}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}{\underline {I}}_{L1}\\{\underline {I}}_{L2}\\{\underline {I}}_{L3}\end{pmatrix}}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}1&{\underline {a}}&{\underline {a}}^{2}\\1&{\underline {a}}^{2}&{\underline {a}}\\1&1&1\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}{\underline {I}}_{L1}\\{\underline {I}}_{L2}\\{\underline {I}}_{L3}\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Daraus ergibt sich für das Mitsystem:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{1m}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot ({\underline {I}}_{L1}+{\underline {I}}_{L2}\cdot {\underline {a}}+{\underline {I}}_{L3}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{1m}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot ({\underline {I}}_{L1}+{\underline {I}}_{L2}\cdot {\underline {a}}+{\underline {I}}_{L3}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/39b22baed2d5eacd3a4fe8e26e218fbc5bc8f8c1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; width:34.938ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{1m}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot ({\underline {I}}_{L1}+{\underline {I}}_{L2}\cdot {\underline {a}}+{\underline {I}}_{L3}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{2m}={\underline {I}}_{1m}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{2m}={\underline {I}}_{1m}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/354660e9c85537e5658a134ca04204530f201c2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.613ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.725ex; width:14.492ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{2m}={\underline {I}}_{1m}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{3m}={\underline {I}}_{1m}\cdot {\underline {a}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{3m}={\underline {I}}_{1m}\cdot {\underline {a}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/753d8eb94f0c9ea84f1711b8090ce338024e2a89.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.631ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.707ex; width:13.438ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{3m}={\underline {I}}_{1m}\cdot {\underline {a}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Für das Gegensystem gilt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{1g}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot ({\underline {I}}_{L1}+{\underline {I}}_{L2}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2}+{\underline {I}}_{L3}\cdot {\underline {a}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{1g}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot ({\underline {I}}_{L1}+{\underline {I}}_{L2}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2}+{\underline {I}}_{L3}\cdot {\underline {a}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6e41d1ccd54eea15b557195bb3eece3ee4fee0f1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; width:34.285ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{1g}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot ({\underline {I}}_{L1}+{\underline {I}}_{L2}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2}+{\underline {I}}_{L3}\cdot {\underline {a}})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{2g}={\underline {I}}_{1g}\cdot {\underline {a}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{2g}={\underline {I}}_{1g}\cdot {\underline {a}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f9c2e196bc7fb8f6cf95e80f012ab2139e513b4d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.931ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.407ex; width:12.131ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{2g}={\underline {I}}_{1g}\cdot {\underline {a}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{3g}={\underline {I}}_{1g}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{3g}={\underline {I}}_{1g}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bc37bd7748014bc3de2f36e04161231e616e8a58.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.931ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.407ex; width:13.185ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{3g}={\underline {I}}_{1g}\cdot {\underline {a}}^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Und für das Nullsystem:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{10}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot ({\underline {I}}_{L1}+{\underline {I}}_{L2}+{\underline {I}}_{L3})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>10</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{10}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot ({\underline {I}}_{L1}+{\underline {I}}_{L2}+{\underline {I}}_{L3})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/42d043f4c03c66dc3704e0b729fe19e12d8606d8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; width:27.441ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{10}={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot ({\underline {I}}_{L1}+{\underline {I}}_{L2}+{\underline {I}}_{L3})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{20}={\underline {I}}_{10}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>20</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>10</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{20}={\underline {I}}_{10}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/959c547f15c792081fb4d027aa262dac31f17da4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.631ex; margin-left: -0.091ex; margin-bottom: -0.707ex; width:9.285ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{20}={\underline {I}}_{10}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {I}}_{30}={\underline {I}}_{10}}">
<semantics>
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<p>Mit der Erweiterung einer einpoligen Darstellung, um die Mit-, Gegen- und Nullsysteme von Generatoren, <a href="Drehstromtransformator" class="mw-redirect" title="Drehstromtransformator">Drehstromtransformatoren</a> und anderen elektrischen Komponenten anzuzeigen, wird die Analyse von unbalancierten Umständen wie beispielsweise bei <a href="Erdschluss" title="Erdschluss">Erdschlüssen</a> stark vereinfacht. Die Aufteilung in symmetrische Komponenten kann auch auf höhere Phasenordnungen ausgeweitet werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symmetrical_components?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Symmetrical components</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geogebra.org/m/p3jgae73"><i>Interaktive Website zur Zerlegung eines unsymmetrischen Dreiphasensystems.</i></a> In: <i><a href="GeoGebra" title="GeoGebra">GeoGebra</a>.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 23. Dezember 2020</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASymmetrische+Komponenten&rft.title=Interaktive+Website+zur+Zerlegung+eines+unsymmetrischen+Dreiphasensystems&rft.description=Interaktive+Website+zur+Zerlegung+eines+unsymmetrischen+Dreiphasensystems&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geogebra.org%2Fm%2Fp3jgae73"> </span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Bernd R. Oswald: <cite style="font-style:italic">Berechnung von Drehstromnetzen – Berechnung stationärer und nichtstationärer Vorgänge mit Symmetrischen Komponenten und Raumzeigern</cite>. Vieweg + Teubner, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8348-0617-8.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Symmetrische+Komponenten&rft.au=Bernd+R.+Oswald&rft.btitle=Berechnung+von+Drehstromnetzen+-+Berechnung+station%C3%A4rer+und+nichtstation%C3%A4rer+Vorg%C3%A4nge+mit+Symmetrischen+Komponenten+und+Raumzeigern&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783834806178&rft.pub=Vieweg+%2B+Teubner" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Normen">Normen</h2></div>
<ul><li>DIN EN 60909-0 (VDE 0102):2016-12 Kurzschlussströme in Drehstromnetzen - Teil 0: Berechnung der Ströme</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-marx1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-marx1_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<span class="cite">Stephen E. Marx: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eiseverywhere.com/file_uploads/017a15339d47804e4eae457e5a960f39_Symmetrical_Components_v2.pdf"><i>Symmetrical components 1 & 2.</i></a> (PDF) 2012,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 30. August 2016</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASymmetrische+Komponenten&rft.title=Symmetrical+components+1+%26+2&rft.description=Symmetrical+components+1+%26+2&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eiseverywhere.com%2Ffile_uploads%2F017a15339d47804e4eae457e5a960f39_Symmetrical_Components_v2.pdf&rft.creator=Stephen+E.+Marx&rft.date=2012&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-fort1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fort1_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Charles LeGeyt Fortescue: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Method of Symmetrical Co-Ordinates Applied to the Solution of Polyphase Networks</cite>. AIEE Transactions 37 (II), 1918, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1027–1140</span> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/power-energy-systems-group/sites/default/files/uploads/files/method_of.pdf">uwaterloo.ca</a> [PDF]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Symmetrische+Komponenten&rft.au=Charles+LeGeyt+Fortescue&rft.btitle=Method+of+Symmetrical+Co-Ordinates+Applied+to+the+Solution+of+Polyphase+Networks&rft.date=1918&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=1027-1140&rft.pub=AIEE+Transactions+37+%28II%29" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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